saivism introduction
Shaivism - An Introduction to Shaivism and Shaivism SectsSaivism, or Śaivism, is a major Hindu tradition worshipping Shiva as the supreme being, and is one of the oldest religions with diverse philosophical schools like Kashmir Śaivism and Śaiva Siddhānta. It emphasizes concepts such as the nature of the supreme reality (Shiva), the individual soul (jiva), and moksha (liberation), guided by sacred texts called the Śaivāgamas. The tradition is known for its emphasis on yoga, karma, and bhakti (devotion), and its practices, such as applying ashes (vibhuthi) to the forehead, are common.
Core Aspects
Worship of Shiva: Followers, known as Shaivites, consider Shiva the Supreme Being and worship him in various forms, including his symbolic representation as the Linga.
Philosophy: Saivism is also a profound philosophical tradition that explores the nature of reality, the individual soul, and the path to liberation.
Sacred Texts: The tradition is rooted in the Vedas, with its core spiritual teachings preserved in the Śaivāgamas and tantric literature.
Major Schools
Saivism encompasses various schools, each with its unique philosophical and practical emphasis:
Kashmir Śaivism: Also known as Trika or Spanda, this school focuses on the Tantras and is based on the teachings of the Śaiva-Śrīkaṇṭha tradition.
Śaiva Siddhānta: A prominent school, particularly in South India, based on the 28 Śaivāgamas and hymns from the Saiva Saints.
Vīra Śaivism: Also known as Lingāyata, it accepts a qualified non-dualism (śakti-viśiṣṭādvaita) and emphasizes the reality of the world and Shiva as both creator and creation.
Pasupata: Considered the earliest known Shaiva sect, founded by Lakulisa.
Historical significance
Shaivism was the most dominant religious tradition in Hinduism between the 5th and 13th centuries.
During this period, many Indian kings were Shaivites and patronized Shaivite institutions.
The tradition influenced other religions, including Buddhism and Jainism, which adopted and adapted Shaivite ritual techniques.
Practices
Vibhuthi (Holy Ash): A distinctive Shaivite practice is the application of holy ash to the forehead in a three-lined symbol called Tripundra.
Yogic and Devotional Practices: Shaivism incorporates various yogic techniques, karma, and bhakti to achieve liberation and spiritual merit.
Dīkṣa (Initiation): In some tantric schools, such as Trika, initiation is a necessary prerequisite for practicing Shaiva yoga and other rituals